正交优化带油特种钢材表面高温耐磨涂料

目的 改善特种钢材在高温、中低速等恶劣工况服役条件下的摩擦磨损性能。方法 采用涂料制备技术对带有二甲基硅油处理的特种钢材进行表面处理。以环氧E-51树脂为基料，可膨胀石墨、CaF2等高温耐磨材料为颜填料，制备了一种适用于特种钢材表面带油涂装的涂料，并以高温磨损、热失重率、腐蚀电流密度等共同作为评价标准，其中高温磨损作为主要评价标准。在单因素实验的基础上进行正交优化试验，利用熵权法将9组正交优化试验进行分析。结果 优化试验结果表明，当颜基比为1.2∶1、石墨用量为35%、CaF2用量为22%、玻璃鳞片用量为18%时，漆膜的高温磨损率仅为0.97%，200 ℃热失重率仅为5.41%，400 ℃热失重率为37.84%，腐蚀电流密度仅为1.337′10-7 A/cm2，漆膜的综合性能最好，其他性能也同样满足国家标准，其中漆膜的耐碱性能远大于国家标准。结论 通过综合加权法计算的正交优化方案的性能比正交9组试验有较为明显的提高，其中高温耐磨率由2.5%降低至0.97%，腐蚀电流密度由2.61′10-7 A/cm2降低至1.337′10-7 A/cm2，而耐高温性能也由原本的最高350 ℃提高到400 ℃。     

异烟肼在有机溶剂中溶解度测定及晶习研究

在283.15~323.25 K范围内，利用在线浊度法测定了异烟肼在甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、丙酮、乙腈、乙酸甲酯与乙酸丁酯中的溶解度。数据表明，异烟肼在不同溶剂中的溶解度均随着温度升高而增加。在同一温度下，异烟肼的溶解度与溶剂关系符合如下顺序：甲醇 > 丙酮 > 乙醇 > 正丙醇 > 异丙醇 > 乙酸甲酯 > 异丁醇 > 正丁醇 > 乙腈 > 乙酸丁酯。采用改进的Apelblat、Wilson与NRTL方程对溶解度数据进行了拟合，结果与实验数据有较高的吻合。基于溶解度数据，对异烟肼溶解焓、溶解熵与溶解吉布斯能进行了计算，发现异烟肼溶解过程是吸热熵增过程。分析了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇与丙酮对异烟肼冷却结晶过程所获产品晶习的影响，确定乙醇为合适的结晶溶剂。     

高熵合金CrNbTiVZr的微观组织及其在模拟PEMFC环境中腐蚀行为研究

采用真空电弧熔炼和热处理制备了CrNbTiVZr高熵合金,利用XRD、SEM/EDS、动电位与恒电位极化曲线测试及XPS表面分析等方法,研究了高熵合金铸态及退火后的微观组织特征以及合金在模拟PEMFC环境中的电化学腐蚀行为及其钝化膜组成。结果表明,CrNbTiVZr高熵合金的铸态和退火组织均由富集Ti、Nb元素的无序BCC相和富集Cr、V、Zr元素的Laves相组成。铸态和退火合金在模拟PEMFC阴极环境中腐蚀电流密度Icorr均比304SS不锈钢下降一个数量级,具有较好的耐蚀性和稳定性,但在阳极环境中其耐蚀性与304SS相当,其中铸态合金的稳定性较差。合金在阴极环境良好的耐蚀性主要与其表面形成由Cr2O3、Nb2O5、V2O3、Ti2O3及ZrO2组成的致密钝化膜关系密切。     

Determination and correlation of temperature and pH value dependent solubility of dl-methionine

In order to provide basic data for the crystallization of dl -methionine and understand the thermodynamic properties of dissolution, the solubility of dl -methionine in water was measured by gravimetric method from 294.05 to 347.05 K and the solubility at different pH values under temperature 302.95 to 342.05 K was determined by elemental analysis in this work. The experimental data show that the solubility of dl -methionine increases with increasing temperature as well as more acidic or basic pH values. The van't Hoff equation, modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, Wilson model, NRTL model, and UNIQUAC model were used to correlate the solubility data versus temperature. The melting temperature, enthalpy of fusion, enthalpy and entropy of dissolution were estimated from solubility data and it shows that the expression of solubility by enthalpy and entropy of dissolution gives more reasonable estimation and Wilson model gives a better correlation for these thermodynamic properties.     

频带能量与样本熵在注意力脑电信号中的对比研究

脑电波是一种复杂的生物电信号,可反应出大脑内部的活动及注意力等精神状态。基于此,论文设计了注意力相关的脑电实验,并完成了受试者脑电数据的采集,对所采集的脑电数据分别从以下两种角度进行研究:从时频分析的角度,采用db4小波基对原始脑电信号进行7层小波包分解,提取了β波/θ波能量占比作为特征量;从非线性动力学的角度,提取脑电信号的样本熵作为特征,并分别对各受试者进行注意力的分级研究。通过对比分析,结果表明两者都能从一定程度上表征注意力水平的状况,但样本熵对于多级注意力的区分度更好。     

Effect of thermomechanical processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy

The CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy was produced by homogenization, cold rolling and recrystallization. The effects of thermomechanical processing on microstructures and tensile properties at different temperatures were investigated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and multi-functional testing machine. The results show that dendritic structures in cast alloy evolve into equiaxed grains after being recrystallized, with single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase detected. The most refined alloys, stemming from the highest rolling ratio (40%), exhibit the highest strength due to the grain boundary strengthening, while the variation of elongation with temperature shows a concave feature. For the coarse-grained alloys, both the ductility and work hardening ability decrease monotonically with increasing temperature. Serrated flow observed at intermediate temperatures is attributed to the effective pinning of dislocations, which manifests the occurrence of dynamic strain hardening and results in the deterioration in ductility. Besides, dimples on the fracture surfaces indicate the typical ductile rupture mode.     

Multi-Scale Analysis of Fretting Fatigue in Heterogeneous Materials Using Computational Homogenization

This paper deals with modeling of the phenomenon of fretting fatigue in heterogeneous materials using the multi-scale computational homogenization technique and finite element analysis (FEA). The heterogeneous material for the specimens consists of a single hole model (25% void/cell, 16% void/cell and 10% void/cell) and a four-hole model (25% void/cell). Using a representative volume element (RVE), we try to produce the equivalent homogenized properties and work on a homogeneous specimen for the study of fretting fatigue. Next, the fretting fatigue contact problem is performed for 3 new cases of models that consist of a homogeneous and a heterogeneous part (single hole cell) in the contact area. The aim is to analyze the normal and shear stresses of these models and compare them with the results of the corresponding heterogeneous models based on the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) method. Finally, by comparing the computational time and % deviations, we draw conclusions about the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

沥青组成与乳化沥青稳定性的灰熵关联研究

为研究乳化沥青储存稳定性与沥青组成及性质之间的关系,选用四种基质沥青,对其基本性质、四组分组成、元素组成和平均结构单元参数进行了分析。并分析了四种基质沥青制备的乳化沥青的储存稳定性。采用灰熵关联分析研究了乳化沥青储存稳定性与沥青的化学组成及基本性能之间的关系。结果表明:四组分组成中,胶质和沥青质含量是影响乳化沥青储存稳定性的最主要因素,胶质和沥青质含量越高,储存稳定性越好。元素组成中,杂原子含量是影响乳化沥青储存稳定性的最主要因素,杂原子含量越高,稳定性越好。然而,沥青的基本性质和平均结构单元参数与乳化沥青的储存稳定性之间没有明显的相关性。     

Local entropy generation and entropy fluxes of a transient flame during head-on quenching towards solid and hydrogen-permeable porous walls

Premixed H₂-air flames are studied in a one-dimensional wall-bounded configuration. The laminar flame propagates towards and quenches at a wall that is either solid or permeable. Entropy generation by each of 19 elementary reactions is evaluated. Their total contribution remains the most important up to the quenching instance. Close to quenching, the conduction entropy generation grows considerable. Mass diffusion has a modest contribution, which decreases towards quenching. Viscous forces are negligible as a source of entropy. Effects of unburnt-mixture temperature and fuel-air ratio are investigated, and also dilution with nitrogen (inert) and water vapour. The diffusive entropy flux changed direction away from the permeating wall compared that of the solid wall. A major finding is that fuel permeation through the wall tends to decrease the entropy generation per unit of converted fuel, in particular for initially lean mixtures.     

Entropy analysis of unsteady MHD three-dimensional flow of Williamson nanofluid over a convectively heated stretching sheet

This article addresses an investigation of the entropy analysis of Williamson nanofluid flow in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms by considering variable viscosity and thermal conductivity over a convectively heated bidirectionally stretchable surface. Heat and mass transfer phenomena have been incorporated by taking into account the thermal radiation, heat source or sink, viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and thermophoretic effects. The representing equations are nonlinear coupled partial differential equations and these equations are shaped into a set of ordinary differential equations via a suitable similarity transformation. The arising set of ordinary differential equations was then worked out by adopting a well-known scheme, namely the shooting method along with the Runge-Kutta-Felberge integration technique. The effects of flow and heat transfer controlling parameters on the solution variables are depicted and analyzed through the graphical presentation. The survey finds that magnifying viscosity parameter, Weissenberg number representing the non-Newtonian Williamson parameter cause to retard the velocity field in both the directions and thermal conductivity parameter causes to reduce fluid temperature. The study also recognizes that enhancing magnetic parameters and thermal conductivity parameters slow down the heat transfer rate. The entropy production of the system is estimated through the Bejan number. It is noticeable that the Bejan number is eminently dependent on the heat generation parameter, thermal radiation parameter, viscosity parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, and Biot number. The skillful accomplishment of the present heat and mass transfer system is achieved through the exteriorized choice of the pertinent parameters.